http://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&feed=atom&action=historyPulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) - Revision history2024-03-29T00:08:47ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.2http://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=2401&oldid=prevBgolden at 14:01, 13 April 20212021-04-13T14:01:28Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Health Traits]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pulmonary arteries and arterioles carry venous blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs with the purpose of replenishing the blood oxygen. Oxygenated blood then returns through the pulmonary veins to the left chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition where the pressure inside the pulmonary artery is abnormally high. In response to this increased pressure in the pulmonary artery, the right side of the heart is required to pump with increased force to move blood toward this area of high Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (PAP). This response of the heart results in excessive muscle contraction, stretching of muscle fibers, ultimately leading to increased right atrium and ventricle size. Because the right side of the heart is working harder than normal, its walls thicken (hypertrophy), leading to heart failure and ultimately animal death. These mortality rates are typically very low even though cattle often experience PH. Currently, the impact of PH is primarily quantified in the form of death loss but increasingly there is evidence of reduced performance associated with PH.<ref>Holt, T. N., and R. J. Callan. 2007. Pulmonary arterial pressure testing for high mountain disease in cattle. Vet. Clin. Food. Anim. 23:575-596.</ref><ref>Thomas et al…CAB White paper…https://www.cabcattle.com/wp-content/uploads/Pulmonary-Hypertension-PH-in-Beef-Cattle-Complicated-Threat-to-Health-and-Productivity-in-Multiple-Beef-Industry-Segments.pdf.</ref> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pulmonary arteries and arterioles carry venous blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs with the purpose of replenishing the blood oxygen. Oxygenated blood then returns through the pulmonary veins to the left chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition where the pressure inside the pulmonary artery is abnormally high. In response to this increased pressure in the pulmonary artery, the right side of the heart is required to pump with increased force to move blood toward this area of high Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (PAP). This response of the heart results in excessive muscle contraction, stretching of muscle fibers, ultimately leading to increased right atrium and ventricle size. Because the right side of the heart is working harder than normal, its walls thicken (hypertrophy), leading to heart failure and ultimately animal death. These mortality rates are typically very low even though cattle often experience PH. Currently, the impact of PH is primarily quantified in the form of death loss but increasingly there is evidence of reduced performance associated with PH.<ref>Holt, T. N., and R. J. Callan. 2007. Pulmonary arterial pressure testing for high mountain disease in cattle. Vet. Clin. Food. Anim. 23:575-596.</ref><ref>Thomas et al…CAB White paper…https://www.cabcattle.com/wp-content/uploads/Pulmonary-Hypertension-PH-in-Beef-Cattle-Complicated-Threat-to-Health-and-Productivity-in-Multiple-Beef-Industry-Segments.pdf.</ref> </div></td></tr>
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</table>Bgoldenhttp://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=2081&oldid=prevMnielsen at 15:07, 18 January 20202020-01-18T15:07:29Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* If the sire is not known, then this should be noted (may occur under commercial production circumstances in an effort to determine whether an animal should remain/reside at altitude).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* If the sire is not known, then this should be noted (may occur under commercial production circumstances in an effort to determine whether an animal should remain/reside at altitude).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Inherent risks associated with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PULMONARY ARTERIAL PRESSURE </del>Testing==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Inherent risks associated with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Pulmonary Arterial Pressure </ins>Testing==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Complications and accidents are very rare but may include infection at needle site as well as systemic septicemia and/or endocarditis, chute injury, loss of catheter in the vascular system, pulmonary cardiac trauma and emboli, acute cardiac failure, local abscess formation, and death resulting from one of the previously described conditions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Complications and accidents are very rare but may include infection at needle site as well as systemic septicemia and/or endocarditis, chute injury, loss of catheter in the vascular system, pulmonary cardiac trauma and emboli, acute cardiac failure, local abscess formation, and death resulting from one of the previously described conditions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">UTILIZATION OF THE </del>PAP <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">TEST FOR VARYING ELEVATION</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Utilization of the </ins>PAP <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Test for Varying Elevation</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">AGE OF ANIMAL BEING TESTED</del>===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Age of Animal Being Tested</ins>===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When evaluating a PAP score in the context of animals residing at elevation, the age of the animal at the time of testing should always be considered. The PAP test is less predictable as an indicator of disease for animals tested at younger than 10 months of age. An exception to this inconsistency is in those animals that have a high PAP measurement (>49 mmHg). High scores, even at young ages, suggest an animal should not remain, nor be moved to elevations above 5000 feet. For example, if the animal scores a measurement of 49 mmHg or greater there is still a great degree of confidence that this animal is a high-risk candidate for high altitude problems while conversely, animals with low PAP scores may not be indicative of high-altitude suitability. From the perspective of EPD generation, research continues on the genetic relationship between PAP taken at younger ages and those observations taken after 10 months of age. Recent research indicates that while less predictable at ages less than 10 months, there is a genetic relationship between measures taken after 10 months of age and therefore younger measures are useful for genetic prediction.<ref>Zeng, X, R. M. Enns, S. E. Speidel, M. G. Thomas. 2015. Angus Cattle at High Altitude: Relationship Between Age and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. In: Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 66:119–121. </ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When evaluating a PAP score in the context of animals residing at elevation, the age of the animal at the time of testing should always be considered. The PAP test is less predictable as an indicator of disease for animals tested at younger than 10 months of age. An exception to this inconsistency is in those animals that have a high PAP measurement (>49 mmHg). High scores, even at young ages, suggest an animal should not remain, nor be moved to elevations above 5000 feet. For example, if the animal scores a measurement of 49 mmHg or greater there is still a great degree of confidence that this animal is a high-risk candidate for high altitude problems while conversely, animals with low PAP scores may not be indicative of high-altitude suitability. From the perspective of EPD generation, research continues on the genetic relationship between PAP taken at younger ages and those observations taken after 10 months of age. Recent research indicates that while less predictable at ages less than 10 months, there is a genetic relationship between measures taken after 10 months of age and therefore younger measures are useful for genetic prediction.<ref>Zeng, X, R. M. Enns, S. E. Speidel, M. G. Thomas. 2015. Angus Cattle at High Altitude: Relationship Between Age and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. In: Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 66:119–121. </ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>PAP has been shown to increase with age<ref name="shirley" />(Thomas and Speidel, pers. Comm.) and therefore indicate a need for adjusting for age in the context of genetic evaluation.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>PAP has been shown to increase with age<ref name="shirley" />(Thomas and Speidel, pers. Comm.) and therefore indicate a need for adjusting for age in the context of genetic evaluation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PHENOTYPIC </del>PAP <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCORE EVALUATION</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Phenotypic </ins>PAP <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Score Evaluation</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The following chart has been developed to help the breeder evaluate a PAP measurement on an animal for suitability for residing at high altitudes. This must be viewed in the context of animal survival at elevations. An animal may have a high PAP value for reasons other than genetic predisposition (e.g. lung damage as a result of respiratory disease) and therefore not be adapted to living in high altitude environments. As such the chart reflects recommendations for use at elevation based on phenotypic PAP measures rather than genetic recommendations and should be used only for selecting animals that are likely themselves to survive at the elevations listed. In contrast, PAP EPD should be used in the context of genetic improvement and production of progeny likely to survive at higher elevations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The following chart has been developed to help the breeder evaluate a PAP measurement on an animal for suitability for residing at high altitudes. This must be viewed in the context of animal survival at elevations. An animal may have a high PAP value for reasons other than genetic predisposition (e.g. lung damage as a result of respiratory disease) and therefore not be adapted to living in high altitude environments. As such the chart reflects recommendations for use at elevation based on phenotypic PAP measures rather than genetic recommendations and should be used only for selecting animals that are likely themselves to survive at the elevations listed. In contrast, PAP EPD should be used in the context of genetic improvement and production of progeny likely to survive at higher elevations.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Mnielsenhttp://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=1699&oldid=prevMnielsen at 21:08, 8 December 20192019-12-08T21:08:42Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:08, 8 December 2019</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When evaluating a PAP score in the context of animals residing at elevation, the age of the animal at the time of testing should always be considered. The PAP test is less predictable as an indicator of disease for animals tested at younger than 10 months of age. An exception to this inconsistency is in those animals that have a high PAP measurement (>49 mmHg). High scores, even at young ages, suggest an animal should not remain, nor be moved to elevations above 5000 feet. For example, if the animal scores a measurement of 49 mmHg or greater there is still a great degree of confidence that this animal is a high-risk candidate for high altitude problems while conversely, animals with low PAP scores may not be indicative of high-altitude suitability. From the perspective of EPD generation, research continues on the genetic relationship between PAP taken at younger ages and those observations taken after 10 months of age. Recent research indicates that while less predictable at ages less than 10 months, there is a genetic relationship between measures taken after 10 months of age and therefore younger measures are useful for genetic prediction.<ref>Zeng, X, R. M. Enns, S. E. Speidel, M. G. Thomas. 2015. Angus Cattle at High Altitude: Relationship Between Age and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. In: Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 66:119–121. </ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When evaluating a PAP score in the context of animals residing at elevation, the age of the animal at the time of testing should always be considered. The PAP test is less predictable as an indicator of disease for animals tested at younger than 10 months of age. An exception to this inconsistency is in those animals that have a high PAP measurement (>49 mmHg). High scores, even at young ages, suggest an animal should not remain, nor be moved to elevations above 5000 feet. For example, if the animal scores a measurement of 49 mmHg or greater there is still a great degree of confidence that this animal is a high-risk candidate for high altitude problems while conversely, animals with low PAP scores may not be indicative of high-altitude suitability. From the perspective of EPD generation, research continues on the genetic relationship between PAP taken at younger ages and those observations taken after 10 months of age. Recent research indicates that while less predictable at ages less than 10 months, there is a genetic relationship between measures taken after 10 months of age and therefore younger measures are useful for genetic prediction.<ref>Zeng, X, R. M. Enns, S. E. Speidel, M. G. Thomas. 2015. Angus Cattle at High Altitude: Relationship Between Age and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. In: Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 66:119–121. </ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>PAP has been shown to increase with age<ref name="shirley" />(and Speidel, pers. Comm.) and therefore indicate a need for adjusting for age in the context of genetic evaluation.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>PAP has been shown to increase with age<ref name="shirley" />(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Thomas </ins>and Speidel, pers. Comm.) and therefore indicate a need for adjusting for age in the context of genetic evaluation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==PHENOTYPIC PAP SCORE EVALUATION==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==PHENOTYPIC PAP SCORE EVALUATION==</div></td></tr>
</table>Mnielsenhttp://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=1698&oldid=prevMnielsen at 21:06, 8 December 20192019-12-08T21:06:34Z<p></p>
<a href="http://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=1698&oldid=1695">Show changes</a>Mnielsenhttp://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=1695&oldid=prevMenns: /* References */2019-12-07T00:26:14Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:26, 7 December 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l216" >Line 216:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Testing of younger animals (<10 months) may result in a greater variability to the predictive ability of the measurement.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Testing of younger animals (<10 months) may result in a greater variability to the predictive ability of the measurement.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Risk—Defined as the likelihood of an animal developing pulmonary hypertension themselves or being at risk for having a genetic predisposition for the disease.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Risk—Defined as the likelihood of an animal developing pulmonary hypertension themselves or being at risk for having a genetic predisposition for the disease.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Original Attribution==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">R. Mark Enns, Colorado State University<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tim Holt, Colorado State University<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Scott E. Speidel, Colorado State University<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Milton G. Thomas, Colorado State University<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
</table>Mennshttp://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=1691&oldid=prevSspeidel: /* AGE OF ANIMAL BEING TESTED */2019-12-05T18:54:10Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">AGE OF ANIMAL BEING TESTED</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:54, 5 December 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l37" >Line 37:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==UTILIZATION OF THE PAP TEST FOR VARYING ELEVATION==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==UTILIZATION OF THE PAP TEST FOR VARYING ELEVATION==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===AGE OF ANIMAL BEING TESTED===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===AGE OF ANIMAL BEING TESTED===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When evaluating a PAP score in the context of animals residing at elevation, the age of the animal at the time of testing should always be considered. The PAP test is less predictable as an indicator of disease for animals tested at younger than 10 months of age. An exception to this inconsistency is in those animals that have a high PAP measurement (> 49mmHg). High scores, even at young ages, suggest an animal should not remain, nor be moved to elevations above 5000 feet. For example, if the animal scores a measurement of 49mmHg or greater there is still a great degree of confidence that this animal is a high-risk candidate for high altitude problems while conversely, animals with low PAP scores may not be indicative of high-altitude suitability. From the perspective of EPD generation, research continues on the genetic relationship between PAP taken at younger ages and those observations taken after 10 months of age. Recent research indicates that while less predictable at ages less than 10 months, there is a genetic relationship between measures taken after 10 months of age and therefore younger measures are useful for genetic prediction<ref>Zeng, X, R. M. Enns, S. E. Speidel, M. G. Thomas. 2015. Angus Cattle at High Altitude: Relationship Between Age and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. In: Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 66:119–121. </ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When evaluating a PAP score in the context of animals residing at elevation, the age of the animal at the time of testing should always be considered. The PAP test is less predictable as an indicator of disease for animals tested at younger than 10 months of age. An exception to this inconsistency is in those animals that have a high PAP measurement (> 49mmHg). High scores, even at young ages, suggest an animal should not remain, nor be moved to elevations above 5000 feet. For example, if the animal scores a measurement of 49mmHg or greater there is still a great degree of confidence that this animal is a high-risk candidate for high altitude problems while conversely, animals with low PAP scores may not be indicative of high-altitude suitability. From the perspective of EPD generation, research continues on the genetic relationship between PAP taken at younger ages and those observations taken after 10 months of age. Recent research indicates that while less predictable at ages less than 10 months, there is a genetic relationship between measures taken after 10 months of age and therefore younger measures are useful for genetic prediction<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins><ref>Zeng, X, R. M. Enns, S. E. Speidel, M. G. Thomas. 2015. Angus Cattle at High Altitude: Relationship Between Age and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. In: Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 66:119–121. </ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>PAP has been shown to increase with age<ref name="shirley" />(and Speidel, pers. Comm.) and therefore indicate a need for adjusting for age in the context of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </del>genetic evaluation.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>PAP has been shown to increase with age<ref name="shirley" />(and Speidel, pers. Comm.) and therefore indicate a need for adjusting for age in the context of genetic evaluation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==PHENOTYPIC PAP SCORE EVALUATION==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==PHENOTYPIC PAP SCORE EVALUATION==</div></td></tr>
</table>Sspeidelhttp://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=1690&oldid=prevSspeidel: /* UTILIZATION OF THE PAP TEST FOR VARING ELEVATION */2019-12-05T18:53:18Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">UTILIZATION OF THE PAP TEST FOR VARING ELEVATION</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:53, 5 December 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l35" >Line 35:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Complications and accidents are very rare but may include infection at needle site as well as systemic septicemia and/or endocarditis, chute injury, loss of catheter in the vascular system, pulmonary cardiac trauma and emboli, acute cardiac failure, local abscess formation, and death resulting from one of the previous.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Complications and accidents are very rare but may include infection at needle site as well as systemic septicemia and/or endocarditis, chute injury, loss of catheter in the vascular system, pulmonary cardiac trauma and emboli, acute cardiac failure, local abscess formation, and death resulting from one of the previous.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==UTILIZATION OF THE PAP TEST FOR <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">VARING </del>ELEVATION==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==UTILIZATION OF THE PAP TEST FOR <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">VARYING </ins>ELEVATION==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===AGE OF ANIMAL BEING TESTED===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===AGE OF ANIMAL BEING TESTED===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When evaluating a PAP score in the context of animals residing at elevation, the age of the animal at the time of testing should always be considered. The PAP test is less predictable as an indicator <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for </del>disease for animals tested at younger than 10 months of age. An exception to this inconsistency is in those animals that have a high PAP measurement<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>(> 49mmHg). High scores, even at young ages, suggest an animal should not remain, nor be moved to elevations above 5000 feet. For example, if the animal scores a measurement of 49mmHg or greater there is still a great degree of confidence that this animal is a high-risk candidate for high altitude problems while conversely, animals with low PAP scores may not be indicative of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </del>high-altitude suitability. From the perspective of EPD generation, research continues on the genetic relationship between PAP taken at younger ages and those observations taken after 10 months of age. Recent research indicates that while less predictable at ages less than 10 months, there is a genetic relationship <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with </del>measures taken after 10 months of age and therefore younger measures are useful for genetic prediction<ref>Zeng, X, R. M. Enns, S. E. Speidel, M. G. Thomas. 2015. Angus Cattle at High Altitude: Relationship Between Age and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. In: Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 66:119–121. </ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When evaluating a PAP score in the context of animals residing at elevation, the age of the animal at the time of testing should always be considered. The PAP test is less predictable as an indicator <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of </ins>disease for animals tested at younger than 10 months of age. An exception to this inconsistency is in those animals that have a high PAP measurement (> 49mmHg). High scores, even at young ages, suggest an animal should not remain, nor be moved to elevations above 5000 feet. For example, if the animal scores a measurement of 49mmHg or greater there is still a great degree of confidence that this animal is a high-risk candidate for high altitude problems while conversely, animals with low PAP scores may not be indicative of high-altitude suitability. From the perspective of EPD generation, research continues on the genetic relationship between PAP taken at younger ages and those observations taken after 10 months of age. Recent research indicates that while less predictable at ages less than 10 months, there is a genetic relationship <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">between </ins>measures taken after 10 months of age and therefore younger measures are useful for genetic prediction<ref>Zeng, X, R. M. Enns, S. E. Speidel, M. G. Thomas. 2015. Angus Cattle at High Altitude: Relationship Between Age and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. In: Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 66:119–121. </ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>PAP has been shown to increase with age<ref name="shirley" />(and Speidel, pers. Comm.) and therefore indicate a need for adjusting for age in the context of a genetic evaluation.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>PAP has been shown to increase with age<ref name="shirley" />(and Speidel, pers. Comm.) and therefore indicate a need for adjusting for age in the context of a genetic evaluation.</div></td></tr>
</table>Sspeidelhttp://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=1689&oldid=prevSspeidel: /* PAP Data Recording */2019-12-05T18:50:42Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">PAP Data Recording</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:50, 5 December 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l26" >Line 26:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Test Location and elevation. Note: If other breeders bring animals to the testing location from other nearby ranches then the location of the cattle’s origin and elevation should be recorded.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Test Location and elevation. Note: If other breeders bring animals to the testing location from other nearby ranches then the location of the cattle’s origin and elevation should be recorded.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Breed of each animal</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Breed of each animal</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Sex of each animal (e.g. steer, bull, heifer and cow)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Sex of each animal (e.g. steer, bull, heifer<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and cow)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Date (to enable calculation of age at PAP test)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Date (to enable calculation of age at PAP test)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mean PAP, systolic, and diastolic pressure. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Mean PAP, systolic, and diastolic pressure. </div></td></tr>
</table>Sspeidelhttp://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=1688&oldid=prevSspeidel: /* PAP Scheduling Considerations */2019-12-05T18:50:21Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">PAP Scheduling Considerations</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:50, 5 December 2019</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==PAP Scheduling Considerations==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==PAP Scheduling Considerations==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* No vaccinations should be given in the 2 weeks prior to PAP testing although vaccination can be given at time of PAP test.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* No vaccinations should be given in the 2 weeks prior to PAP testing although vaccination can be given at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </ins>time of PAP test.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Avoid testing two weeks after weaning to avoid stress on the animal and resulting potential for elevated PAP.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Avoid testing two weeks after weaning to avoid stress on the animal and resulting potential for elevated PAP.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Sspeidelhttp://guidelines.beefimprovement.org/index.php?title=Pulmonary_arterial_pressure_(PAP)&diff=1687&oldid=prevSspeidel: /* Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Measurement Considerations */2019-12-05T18:49:57Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Measurement Considerations</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:49, 5 December 2019</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Measurement Considerations==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Measurement Considerations==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cattle moved from low elevations to high elevations should remain at the altitude for a period of 4 weeks or more to accurately PAP test for adaptation to high altitude. Hypoxic pulmonary changes have been seen immediately in cattle as they have been moved to high altitude. However, to most accurately test those that are to be used for breeding, a longer stay at high altitude is recommended. In practicality, it is important for the rancher to know at what elevation the PAP measurement was performed as it has been shown that the PAP measurement will increase as the animal is moved or travels to higher elevations. It is not uncommon to see clinical PH in animals that have a PAP measurement of greater than 49mmHg. Using repeated measures on the same animal it has been shown that the PAP measurement generally increases 1-2 mmHg per 1,000 feet rise in elevation. For simple guidelines to the rancher and veterinarian, an animal should be tested at an elevation of at least 5,000 feet after 4 weeks if testing for suitability <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to </del>residing at high elevations. The higher the elevation of the test the more accurate and reliable the outcome.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cattle moved from low elevations to high elevations should remain at the altitude for a period of 4 weeks or more to accurately PAP test for adaptation to high altitude. Hypoxic pulmonary changes have been seen immediately in cattle as they have been moved to high altitude. However, to most accurately test those that are to be used for breeding, a longer stay at high altitude is recommended. In practicality, it is important for the rancher to know at what elevation the PAP measurement was performed as it has been shown that the PAP measurement will increase as the animal is moved or travels to higher elevations. It is not uncommon to see clinical PH in animals that have a PAP measurement of greater than 49mmHg. Using repeated measures on the same animal it has been shown that the PAP measurement generally increases 1-2 mmHg per 1,000 feet rise in elevation. For simple guidelines to the rancher and veterinarian, an animal should be tested at an elevation of at least 5,000 feet after 4 weeks if testing for suitability <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for </ins>residing at high elevations. The higher the elevation of the test the more accurate and reliable the outcome.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The equipment, materials and process needed to perform PAP testing in cattle are listed below:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The equipment, materials and process needed to perform PAP testing in cattle are listed below:</div></td></tr>
</table>Sspeidel